• Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional

  2021-06-28

  

  Under conditions of energy scarcity or nutritional restriction, AMPK, a critical energy sensor, is activated in response to the increased ratio of AMP to ATP. Various kinases may phosphorylate AMPK, leading to its activation. For example, AMPK phosphorylation by liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) at Thr172 res

• br Disclosure and conflicts of

  2021-06-25

  

  Disclosure and conflicts of interest Acknowledgements This research was supported by grant (BT/PR/11293/BRB/10/849/2008) from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India and a DST YOS Chair Professorship to PB. The mass spectrometry facility is supported by an institutional program

• In the brain E can modulate the mitogen

  2021-06-25

  

  In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,

• FGF ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial mesenchy

  2021-06-25

  

  FGF/ERK signaling has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in a wide range of tissues (Huh et al., 2015, Klein et al., 2006, Rice et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2006, El Ramy et al., 2005, Volckaert and Langhe, 2015). During embryonic organogenesis and in adult organs, we often observ

• A possible explanation for these observations has been

  2021-06-25

  

  A possible explanation for these observations has been provided by a recent study showing that EWS-FLI-1 increases the Skp2-mediated 26S proteasome degradation, decreasing p27 protein stability and preventing cell senescence [42]. Mechanism of action of EWS-FLI-1 Molecular analysis has revealed

• br Conclusions br Conflicts of

  2021-06-25

  

  Conclusions Conflicts of interest Research funding This work was financially supported by Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 16431903800). Main Text Developmental processes make usage of a surprisingly limited number of morphogens and signaling components to control a ple

• EphB promotes tumor growth by stimulating angiogenesis throu

  2021-06-25

  

  EphB4 promotes tumor growth by stimulating angiogenesis through EphrinB2 [18]. However, the distinct and specifically involvement of apexbt kinase inhibitor and veins in the tumor angiogenesis of all tumor grades is unclear. Our results indicate that the relation between EphrinB2 and EphB4 stained

• br Halogenases Enzymatic C H

  2021-06-25

  

  Halogenases Enzymatic C–H activation leading to halogenation is another emerging area in biocatalysis [55,56]. Incorporation of halogen atoms during medicinal chemistry eff ;orts is a well-established practice, presenting an effective means to control the molecule’s bioactivity and physicochemical

• br Halogenases Enzymatic C H

  2021-06-25

  

  Halogenases Enzymatic C–H activation leading to halogenation is another emerging area in biocatalysis [55,56]. Incorporation of halogen atoms during medicinal chemistry eff ;orts is a well-established practice, presenting an effective means to control the molecule’s bioactivity and physicochemical

• ApoE is secreted from astrocytes glia

  2021-06-25

  

  ApoE is secreted from astrocytes/glia into the interstitial fluid and is important for metabolizing Aβ because of its propensity for binding Aβ as a cholesterol and phospholipid acceptor in reverse cholesterol transport [8]. Aβ oligomers show a direct toxicity to neurons, and ApoE inhibits oligomer

• br Materials and methods F philippinensis plants were

  2021-06-25

  

  Materials and methods F. philippinensis plants were collected in August 2014 at a farm in Ninning, Guangxi province, China and identified by Dr. Yimmin Zhao. Voucher specimens (No. 530) were deposited in the Herbarium of Gaunxi Botanical Garden, China. Human recombinant neutrophil elastase (EC 3.

• The Kaempferia parviflora extract met the criteria for

  2021-06-25

  

  The Kaempferia parviflora extract met the criteria for a non-competitive interaction with CYP1A1 based on the decrease of Vmax and unchanged Km. The high Ki value and low IC50, as well as the high Km value was indicative of the weakness of the interaction between the Kaempferia parviflora extract an

• Most of the data indicating that the six

  2021-06-25

  

  Most of the data indicating that the six-ankyrin repeat domain-containing Asb genes drive compartment expansion come from zebrafish and concern Asb11. However, there is evidence to suggest that these data can be expanded to the entire vertebrate phylum and to all six-ankyrin repeat domain-containing

• Taken together these assays demonstrate

  2021-06-25

  

  Taken together, these assays demonstrate that SUMOD positioning is essential for all E3 ligases but dispensable for E2 and S*E2 sumoylation reactions. Thus, we propose SUMOD positioning as a key criterion to describe the enzymatic function of SUMO E3 ligases that distinguishes them from other enhanc

• Initially the E uses ATP

  2021-06-25

  

  Initially, the E1 uses ATP to activate the C-terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin prior to ligation. In the first step of E1 activation, the E1 catalyzes the adenylation of ubiquitin and pyrophosphate (PPi) release. In the second step, the E1 releases adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and a thioester b

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