• Recently several groups reported that four orphan receptors

  2021-09-13

  

  Recently, several groups reported that four orphan receptors, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43, and GPR120, can be activated by free fatty acids. Short-chain fatty acids are specific agonists for GPR41 and GPR43 . Medium and long-chain fatty acids can activate GPR40 and GPR120 . Our previous report showed that

• The global spread and ever increasing incidence

  2021-09-13

  

  The global spread and ever-increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome over the past few decades has not only categorized it as an ‘epidemic’ but has also dramatically increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The increase in prevalence of diabetes in the United States alone has bee

• br Introduction Over the past two decades the prevalence of

  2021-09-13

  

  Introduction Over the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases, such as T2D, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and stroke, have been dramatically increased globally [1], [2], and obesity has been suggested to be the leading cause of the reduced life

• br Glucocorticosteroid receptor structure and function The

  2021-09-13

  

  Glucocorticosteroid receptor structure and function The gene encoding for the human GR is composed of 9 exons (Oakley and Cidlowski, 2011) and the translated protein is described as having 4 functional regions. The protein contains a highly conserved central DNA-binding domain (DBD) or C-domain,

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments

  2021-09-13

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Xiping Cheng for help with the immunohistochemistry staining, Qi Su for help with gene expression analysis, and Dr. Chaoying Liang at the UTSW Genomics Microarray Core facility for assistance on RNA-seq. W.-H.L. was supported by grant awa

• Given the important role of Cx in

  2021-09-13

  

  Given the important role of Cx43 in maintaining the function of gap junctions, to investigate the effects of stress on Cx43 may be an important step towards understanding the mechanism underlying CUS-induced dysfunction of gap junctions. Corticosterone (CORT), as an important stress hormone, has bee

• Gap junction intercellular communication GJIC facilitates th

  2021-09-13

  

  Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) facilitates the exchange of ions, metabolites, Ca2+, inositol phosphates, and/or cyclic nucleotides of up to 1.8 kD in size between Valinomycin through contact-dependent mechanisms [3,4]. Oocyte growth and development (as depicted in Fig. 1) depends, a

• br Pathological consequences of disruption in the GABA T cur

  2021-09-13

  

  Pathological consequences of disruption in the GABA/T current equilibrium This issue has been particularly investigated in the context of absence seizures. These seizures are non-convulsive epileptic attacks present in many generalized genetic epilepsies that are characterized by a sudden and rel

• Pattern recognition receptors key elements in the

  2021-09-13

  

  Pattern recognition receptors - key elements in the innate immune response Every day, human beings are exposed to a broad range of microbes and foreign substances. Most of them are entirely harmless, however, some are pathogenic and have the potential to cause severe harm. The distinction between “

• Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to

  2021-09-13

  

  Type II diabetes is characterized by an inability to maintain glucose homeostasis due to insulin desensitization and/or insufficient insulin secretion. GPR40, also known as free fatty SYR-322 receptor 1 (FFAR1), is a member of the G-protein-coupled lipid-activated family of receptors and is primari

• MMV s distinct mode of inhibition

  2021-09-13

  

  MMV019313's distinct mode of inhibition addresses key impediments in the development of PfFPPS/GGPPS inhibitors as antimalarial drugs. First, it is the first non-bisphosphonate inhibitor of Plasmodium FPPS/GGPPS with drug-like physicochemical properties satisfying the “Rule of 5” (Van Voorhis et al.

• Introduction Vesicular exocytosis an intracellular membrane

  2021-09-13

  

  Introduction Vesicular exocytosis, an intracellular membrane trafficking pathway, is a ubiquitous process for intercellular communication. It occurs when an intracellular vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and subsequently releases an infinitely minute number of chemical or biochemical messengers

• We confirmed a decrease in extracellular glutamate uptake

  2021-09-11

  

  We confirmed a decrease in extracellular glutamate uptake and the presence of efflux in an endothelial cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which effectively simulates the inefficient energy supply after brain injury [15], and analysed the function of endothelial EAATs and explored the ro

• To validate the effects of the G a HMT

  2021-09-11

  

  To validate the effects of the G9a HMT inhibitors on HMEC-1 harmine and transcriptional responses we generated knockdown cells for G9a using an shRNA approach. Upon transduction of HMEC-1 and doxycycline activation of the shRNA, both G9a HMT mRNA and protein expression were effectively decreased (F

• Corollary and Lemma Finally Corollary and Lemma

  2021-09-11

  

  (Corollary 3 and Lemma 9). Finally, Corollary 5 and Lemma 10 show that if then the support of is wide enough and so must contain the points of maximum of the attached. However, the support of is too narrow and so does not contain the points of maximum of the remote. Hence, the remote has at most two

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