• Although AMPK is a negative

  2024-09-29

  

  Although AMPK is a negative regulator of bioenergetic reprogramming in cancer cells, little is known about the role of AMPK in immunometabolism in sepsis. Our current study indicates that AMPKα dysfunction enhances PKM2-dependent aerobic glycolysis, which results in HMGB1 release in macrophages and

• br Introduction Psychostimulant abuse and addiction remain a

  2024-09-29

  

  Introduction Psychostimulant abuse and addiction remain a societal problem in the United States. The latest statistics from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health indicate that slightly less than one million people over the age of 12 report having a cocaine use disorder (NSDUH, 2016). Additio

• The importance of insulin in controlling lipolysis and

  2024-09-29

  

  The importance of insulin in controlling lipolysis and fat mass is further emphasized by mouse models with alterations in the insulin signaling pathway of adipocytes. For example, mice with a tamoxifen-inducible knockout of the insulin receptor in mature adipocytes reveal a substantial decrease of a

• In fact serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic

  2024-09-29

  

  In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc

• Endogenous adenosine systems have largely been implicated in

  2024-09-29

  

  Endogenous adenosine systems have largely been implicated in drug actions by the demonstration that caffeine (non-selective A1R and A2AR antagonist) (see Section The issue of caffeine), in doses up to 7.5–10mg/kg, inhibits antinociception, and when this occurs, it PTC209 HBr mg is generally also see

• AY 9944 dihydrochloride receptor br Conclusions The present

  2024-09-29

  

  Conclusions The present data suggest that homeostatic balance of the cortical/hippocampal adenosinergic tone is necessary for normal working memory function and any deviation appears to impair performance – either as a consequence of A2AR under-activation when adenosine levels are reduced or due

• br Results br Discussion Members of the

  2024-09-29

  

  Results Discussion Members of the PfkB family of proteins, which exhibit AK activity, have only been found in the eukaryotic organisms in the past. Hence, the report of a PfkB family protein in MTub that exhibited AK activity was of much interest, and it necessitated closer examination of its

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by Conselho

  2024-09-29

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) FINEP research grant “Rede Instituto Brasi

• Targeting the BCR is the

  2024-09-29

  

  Targeting the BCR is the ideal strategy to identify the antigen reactive B cells. However, there is concern that B cells could be activated when BCR are bound and cross-linked by antigens, a possibility that is obviously negative for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Proby et al. (2000) tried to

• To date the molecular responses of AChE

  2024-09-29

  

  To date, the molecular responses of AChE have been partially analyzed in its mRNA level or protein activity in aquatic animals. To understand the correlation between transcriptional change and activity of AChE, we conducted both experiments in B. koreanus. Generally, the high-affinity rnase inhibito

• br Methods br Results and discussion br Conclusions br Ackno

  2024-09-29

  

  Methods Results and discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. Francois Alhenc-Gelas (then INSERM U367, Paris, France), who kindly provided the plasmid for truncated soluble recombinant human ACE – WTΔ, Dr. Elena Arablinskaya (Institute of Phtiziopulmonology, Moscow, R

• br Funding br Introduction l Dihydroxyphenylalanine

  2024-09-29

  

  Funding Introduction l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is the gold-standard treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, its chronic use induces severe motor complications that eventually limit its long-term efficacy (Bastide et al., 2015). The most disabling side

• br Introduction The vacuolar ATPases V

  2024-09-28

  

  Introduction The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play important roles in both normal and disease processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. V-ATPases within cells function in such processes as intracellular membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, coupled transp

• A positive correlation between nasopharyngeal CCL and CCL co

  2024-09-28

  

  A positive correlation between nasopharyngeal CCL3 and CCL5 [16] concentrations and illness severity was shown in evaluating patients with RSV bronchiolitis [17]. CCL5 and CCL3 are important for monocyte and lymphocyte recruitment to the lung during RSV infection [7], [16], [18]. Despite the signif

• Two critical determinants of receptor trafficking are found

  2024-09-28

  

  Two critical determinants of receptor trafficking are found within the GABAB1 cytoplasmic tail: the di-leucine internalization signal (EKSRLL) (Margeta-Mitrovic et al., 2000, Restituito et al., 2005) and the ER retention signal (RSRR) (Calver et al., 2001, Margeta-Mitrovic et al., 2000, Pagano et al

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